Space weather

Solar wind speed Solar wind magnetic fields Noon 10.7cm radio flux
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Update

Update

Update
EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-08-01 20.52 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5049
Valid From: 2025 Aug 01 1345 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Aug 02 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-08-01 13.44 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Aug 01 1345 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Aug 01 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-08-01 13.31 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3508
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 31 1635 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1104 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-31 16.52 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 31 1635 UTC
Station: GOES19

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-28 08.46 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3506
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 24 1320 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1686 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-27 12.52 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3505
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 24 1320 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 2510 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-26 17.53 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 26 1750 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1500-1800 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-26 17.30 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 26 1730 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 27 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-26 06.01 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3504
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 24 1320 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 3124 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-25 10.05 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3503
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 24 1320 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 2312 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: 2025-07-24 19.47 UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Jul 25: None (Below G1) Jul 26: None (Below G1) Jul 27: G1 (Minor)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Comment: G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storming is likely on 27 July due to CME effects from an event that left the Sun on 23 July.

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-24 17.47 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5046
Valid From: 2025 Jul 24 1038 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 25 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-24 13.34 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 24 1320 UTC
Station: GOES19

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-24 11.51 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 24 1144 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-24 10.38 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 24 1038 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 24 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: 2025-07-23 19.05 UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Jul 24: G1 (Minor) Jul 25: None (Below G1) Jul 26: None (Below G1)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Comment: Isolated periods of G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storming are likely primarily early on 24 July under sustained CH HSS effects.

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-23 18.05 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5044
Valid From: 2025 Jul 23 1137 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 24 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Comment: Active conditions are expected to continue through the early periods of 24 Jul under negative polarity CH HSS effects.

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-23 15.04 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 23 1459 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1200-1500 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Comment: Minor geomagnetic storming levels were reached due to continued negative polarity CH HSS effects.

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-23 11.38 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 23 1137 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 23 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-23 11.36 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 2083
Valid From: 2025 Jul 22 2051 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 23 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-23 05.41 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 2082
Valid From: 2025 Jul 22 2051 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 23 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Issued: 2025-07-22 22.52 UTC
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 22 2252 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 23 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-22 22.49 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 22 2249 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-22 21.05 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 22 2059 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-22 20.51 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 22 2051 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 23 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-22 20.50 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 22 2046 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-22 19.24 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 22 1922 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 23 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-22 05.07 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3501
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 13015 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: 2025-07-21 19.44 UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Jul 22: None (Below G1) Jul 23: G1 (Minor) Jul 24: None (Below G1)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Comment: G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storming is likely on 23 Jul due to recurrent, negative polarity coronal hole high speed stream effects.

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-21 05.00 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3500
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 14495 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-20 06.05 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3499
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 11583 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-19 05.00 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3498
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 10273 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-18 14.37 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5041
Valid From: 2025 Jul 17 0840 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 18 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-18 05.00 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3497
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 6590 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-17 20.55 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5040
Valid From: 2025 Jul 17 0840 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 18 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-17 08.52 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3496
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 4840 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-17 08.51 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 17 0851 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0600-0900 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-17 08.41 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 17 0840 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 17 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-16 23.34 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3495
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1010 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-16 23.07 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 16 2301 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-16 22.54 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 16 2254 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 17 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-16 22.43 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 16 2205 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-16 21.41 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 16 2140 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 17 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-16 11.47 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5037
Valid From: 2025 Jul 16 0240 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 16 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-16 11.46 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 16 1146 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-16 05.17 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3494
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1910 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-16 02.41 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 16 0240 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 16 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-15 12.12 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3493
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1230 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: 2025-07-15 12.10 UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 15 1052 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 525 km/s
Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-15 11.47 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 2079
Valid From: 2025 Jul 14 2051 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 15 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-15 11.47 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5035
Valid From: 2025 Jul 14 1858 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 15 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-15 10.56 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 15 1056 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-15 09.01 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 15 0859 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0600-0900 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-15 02.24 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 2078
Valid From: 2025 Jul 14 2051 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 15 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-15 02.24 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5034
Valid From: 2025 Jul 14 1858 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 15 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-14 21.09 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 14 2059 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-14 20.54 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 14 2035 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-14 20.52 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 14 2051 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 15 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-14 18.59 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 14 1858 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 15 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-14 15.52 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 14 1550 UTC
Station: GOES-19

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: 2025-07-14 11.35 UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 14 1045 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 205 km/s

Comment: Faint signature.
Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-13 11.55 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5032
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 0510 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 13 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-13 04.33 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 13 0433 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-13 04.19 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 13 0418 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 13 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-12 23.55 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5031
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 0510 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 13 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-12 08.31 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5030
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 0510 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 12 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-11 20.43 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 2040 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 12 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-11 17.55 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5029
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 0510 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 12 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-11 11.08 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5028
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 0510 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 11 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-11 11.08 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 1108 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 11 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-11 11.04 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 11 1104 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-11 05.12 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 11 0510 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 11 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-10 11.02 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3491
Begin Time: 2025 Jul 09 1425 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1210 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-09 14.33 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 09 1425 UTC
Station: GOES-19

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-08 06.03 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 08 0559 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-08 05.43 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5026
Valid From: 2025 Jul 07 2321 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 08 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-07 23.21 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 07 2321 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 08 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-07 05.50 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5024
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 07 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-07 05.49 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 2073
Valid From: 2025 Jul 06 2320 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 07 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Issued: 2025-07-07 01.51 UTC
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 07 0150 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 07 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-07 01.25 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 07 0124 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-06 23.53 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 06 2350 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-06 23.41 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5023
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 07 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-06 23.21 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 06 2320 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 07 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-06 14.28 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5022
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 06 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: 2025-07-06 05.39 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 06 0538 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-06 04.23 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5021
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 06 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: 2025-07-06 04.22 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 06 0420 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 06 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-05 23.02 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5020
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 06 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-05 14.19 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5019
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 05 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-05 05.16 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5018
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Jul 05 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-04 23.53 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-04 22.49 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 04 2248 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 05 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: 2025-07-03 14.44 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2025 Jul 03 1440 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1200-1500 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: 2025-07-03 14.32 UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3489
Begin Time: 2025 Jun 27 1310 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 4925 pfu
Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: 2025-07-03 14.17 UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2025 Jul 03 1415 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Jul 04 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

Table

Date Radio flux 10.7 cm SESC Sunspot number Sunspot area 10E-6 New regions GOES15 X-ray Bkgd flux Flares
X-ray Optical
C M X S 1 2 3
2025-07-03 125 118 300 0 * 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
2025-07-04 119 87 360 0 * 3 0 0 3 0 0 0
2025-07-05 117 82 220 0 * 2 0 0 3 0 0 0
2025-07-06 118 81 230 1 * 3 0 0 6 0 0 0
2025-07-07 118 96 290 1 * 9 0 0 1 0 0 0
2025-07-08 115 88 290 0 * 4 1 0 0 0 0 0
2025-07-09 120 83 290 2 * 3 1 0 1 0 0 0
2025-07-10 129 72 340 0 * 12 0 0 4 0 0 0
2025-07-11 132 98 490 3 * 11 0 0 23 1 0 0
2025-07-12 139 93 700 0 * 14 3 0 10 3 0 0
2025-07-13 128 102 710 1 * 16 0 0 3 0 0 0
2025-07-14 128 139 545 2 * 14 0 0 5 0 0 0
2025-07-15 139 146 585 2 * 2 0 0 7 0 0 0
2025-07-16 152 182 900 2 * 7 0 0 13 1 0 0
2025-07-17 156 178 1180 1 * 3 0 0 14 0 0 0
2025-07-18 156 167 1110 0 * 7 0 0 6 0 0 0
2025-07-19 153 139 1210 2 * 3 0 0 7 0 0 0
2025-07-20 150 139 1070 1 * 9 0 0 7 1 0 0
2025-07-21 143 130 870 1 * 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
2025-07-22 145 101 640 1 * 7 0 0 4 0 0 0
2025-07-23 150 85 550 1 * 3 0 0 3 0 0 0
2025-07-24 156 137 740 4 * 5 0 0 1 0 0 0
2025-07-25 148 133 680 0 * 5 0 0 2 0 0 0
2025-07-26 143 136 690 2 * 3 0 0 2 0 0 0
2025-07-27 145 126 660 1 * 6 0 0 4 0 0 0
2025-07-28 145 134 458 2 * 1 0 0 3 0 0 0
2025-07-29 152 112 330 1 * 4 0 0 3 0 0 0
2025-07-30 149 131 530 2 * 12 0 0 8 0 0 0
2025-07-31 145 138 560 1 * 7 0 0 4 0 0 0
2025-08-01 146 129 420 0 * 15 0 0 3 0 0 0
Average/Total 139 119 598 34 196 5 0 152 6 0 0

Summary graph

Flares

Solar wind

Solar Wind

The solar wind is a stream of plasma released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun. It consists of mostly electrons, protons and alpha particles with energies usually between 1.5 and 10 keV. The stream of particles varies in density, temperature, and speed over time and over solar longitude. These particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy, from the high temperature of the corona and magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic phenomena in it.

The solar wind is divided into two components, respectively termed the slow solar wind and the fast solar wind. The slow solar wind has a velocity of about 400 km/s, a temperature of 1.4–1.6×10e6 K and a composition that is a close match to the corona. By contrast, the fast solar wind has a typical velocity of 750 km/s, a temperature of 8×10e5 K and it nearly matches the composition of the Sun's photosphere. The slow solar wind is twice as dense and more variable in intensity than the fast solar wind. The slow wind also has a more complex structure, with turbulent regions and large-scale structures.

Solar radio flux at 10.7 cm

Solar radio flux at 10.7 cm

The solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (2800 MHz) is an excellent indicator of solar activity. Often called the F10.7 index, it is one of the longest running records of solar activity. The F10.7 radio emissions originates high in the chromosphere and low in the corona of the solar atmosphere. The F10.7 correlates well with the sunspot number as well as a number of UltraViolet (UV) and visible solar irradiance records. Reported in “solar flux units”, (s.f.u.), the F10.7 can vary from below 50 s.f.u., to above 300 s.f.u., over the course of a solar cycle.

Flares

Flares

A solar flare is a sudden flash of brightness observed over the Sun's surface or the solar limb, which is interpreted as a large energy release of up to 6 × 10e25 joules of energy. They are often, but not always, followed by a colossal coronal mass ejection. The flare ejects clouds of electrons, ions, and atoms through the corona of the sun into space. These clouds typically reach Earth a day or two after the event.

Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona), when the plasma medium is heated to tens of millions of kelvin, while the electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near the speed of light. They produce radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays, although most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range and for this reason the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the photosphere to link the corona to the solar interior. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CME), although the relation between CMEs and flares is still not well established.

The frequency of occurrence of solar flares varies, from several per day when the Sun is particularly "active" to less than one every week when the Sun is "quiet", following the 11-year cycle (the solar cycle). Large flares are less frequent than smaller ones.

Classification

Solar flares are classified as A, B, C, M or X according to the peak flux (in watts per square metre, W/m2) of 100 to 800 picometre X-rays near Earth, as measured on the GOES spacecraft.

Classification Peak Flux Range at 100-800 picometer
W/m2
A < 10e-7
B 10e-7 to 10e-6
C 10e-6 to 10e-5
M 10e-5 to 10e-4
X 10e-4 to 10e-3
Z > 10e-3

An earlier flare classification is based on Hα spectral observations. The scheme uses both the intensity and emitting surface. The classification in intensity is qualitative, referring to the flares as: (f)aint, (n)ormal or (b)rilliant. The emitting surface is measured in terms of millionths of the hemisphere and is described below. (The total hemisphere area AH = 6.2 × 1012 km2.)

Classification Corrected area
(millionths of hemisphere)
S < 100
1 100 - 250
2 250 - 600
3 600 - 1200
4 > 1200

Sunspot number

Sunspots

Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They correspond to concentrations of magnetic field that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere. Sunspots usually appear in pairs, with pair members of opposite magnetic polarity. The number of sunspots varies according to the approximately 11-year solar cycle.

Sunspot populations quickly rise and more slowly fall on an irregular cycle of 11 years, although significant variations in the number of sunspots attending the 11-year period are known over longer spans of time. For example, from 1900 to the 1960s, the solar maxima trend of sunspot count has been upward; from the 1960s to the present, it has diminished somewhat. Over the last decades the Sun has had a markedly high average level of sunspot activity; it was last similarly active over 8,000 years ago.

The number of sunspots correlates with the intensity of solar radiation over the period since 1979, when satellite measurements of absolute radiative flux became available. Since sunspots are darker than the surrounding photosphere it might be expected that more sunspots would lead to less solar radiation and a decreased solar constant. However, the surrounding margins of sunspots are brighter than the average, and so are hotter; overall, more sunspots increase the Sun's solar constant or brightness. The variation caused by the sunspot cycle to solar output is relatively small, on the order of 0.1% of the solar constant (a peak-to-trough range of 1.3 W/m2 compared to 1366 W/m2 for the average solar constant).

K-indices



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3. 00 2. 00 1.



Data


Estimated Planetary

Estimated Planetary

Date A K-indices (UTC)
0h 3h 6h 9h 12h 15h 18h 21h
2025-07-04 10 2. 67 2. 33 2.
2025-07-05 19 3. 00 3. 33 3.
2025-07-06 26 4. 33 5. 00 3.
2025-07-07 22 5. 33 4. 33 2.
2025-07-08 13 3. 00 3. 67 3.
2025-07-09 8 3. 00 2. 33 1.
2025-07-10 4 1. 00 1. 33 1.
2025-07-11 19 2. 00 2. 67 3.
2025-07-12 13 2. 67 2. 67 3.
2025-07-13 23 4. 33 4. 67 3.
2025-07-14 16 2. 00 2. 67 3.
2025-07-15 23 4. 00 4. 33 5.
2025-07-16 17 3. 00 3. 00 2.
2025-07-17 19 3. 67 3. 67 3.
2025-07-18 11 2. 00 1. 00 2.
2025-07-19 7 1. 00 2. 33 1.
2025-07-20 5 1. 33 1. 33 0.
2025-07-21 4 2. 00 1. 33 0.
2025-07-22 17 1. 00 2. 00 1.
2025-07-23 27 4. 33 4. 00 3.
2025-07-24 15 3. 67 2. 67 3.
2025-07-25 8 2. 33 2. 33 2.
2025-07-26 12 2. 00 1. 67 1.
2025-07-27 5 1. 00 1. 00 1.
2025-07-28 7 1. 00 1. 33 1.
2025-07-29 8 2. 67 2. 33 2.
2025-07-30 8 2. 67 1. 67 1.
2025-07-31 11 3. 00 3. 00 2.
2025-08-01 13 2. 67 2. 67 2.
2025-08-02 11 3. 00 2. 00 1.

Middle Latitude

Date A K-indices
2025-07-04 11 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 4
2025-07-05 20 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4
2025-07-06 20 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 5
2025-07-07 20 5 4 2 3 3 3 3 3
2025-07-08 13 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2
2025-07-09 8 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 1
2025-07-10 6 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 0
2025-07-11 18 2 2 3 4 4 3 4 3
2025-07-12 10 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2
2025-07-13 17 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2
2025-07-14 16 2 2 3 3 4 4
2025-07-15 17 3 4 4 4 3 3 1 2
2025-07-16 14 2 3 3 4 2 1 2 4
2025-07-17 14 4 3 3 3 0
2025-07-18 9 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 2
2025-07-19 8 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 2
2025-07-20 7 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2
2025-07-21 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
2025-07-22 17 1 3 2 3 3 2 4 5
2025-07-23 20 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3
2025-07-24 16 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3
2025-07-25 10 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
2025-07-26 11 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 2
2025-07-27 7 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1
2025-07-28 8 0 1 1 2 3 3 2 3
2025-07-29 9 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
2025-07-30 9 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 1
2025-07-31 10 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3
2025-08-01 13 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3
2025-08-02 3 2 1 2

High Latitude

Date A K-indices
2025-07-04 16 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2
2025-07-05 29 3 4 3 6 5 3 3 3
2025-07-06 37 5 5 4 6 5 2 2 4
2025-07-07 22 4 3 3 3 4 5 3 3
2025-07-08 19 3 4 3 4 2 5 2 2
2025-07-09 12 3 2 3 4 3 2 2 1
2025-07-10 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
2025-07-11 25 1 3 4 6 4 3 3 3
2025-07-12 29 3 4 4 6 5 3 2 3
2025-07-13 41 4 5 5 6 5 5 3 3
2025-07-14 16 2 3 3 4 3 3
2025-07-15 37 4 5 6 5 5 4 2 2
2025-07-16 24 4 4 4 6 2 1 2 3
2025-07-17 42 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 2
2025-07-18 18 2 2 2 5 5 3 2 2
2025-07-19 11 1 3 2 4 3 3 1 1
2025-07-20 9 1 1 1 3 4 3 1 1
2025-07-21 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
2025-07-22 9 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 4
2025-07-23 32 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 3
2025-07-24 29 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 2
2025-07-25 10 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2
2025-07-26 19 3 2 1 3 6 4 1 1
2025-07-27 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
2025-07-28 6 1 2 1 0 3 2 1 2
2025-07-29 13 2 3 4 5 2 0 0 1
2025-07-30 7 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1
2025-07-31 12 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 1
2025-08-01 19 3 3 2 3 6 2 2 2
2025-08-02 2 2 2 1

About

The K-index quantifies disturbances in the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field with an integer in the range 0–9 with 1 being calm and 5 or more indicating a geomagnetic storm. It is derived from the maximum fluctuations of horizontal components observed on a magnetometer during a three-hour interval. The label K comes from the German word Kennziffer meaning “characteristic digit”. The K-index was introduced by Julius Bartels in 1938.

The Estimated 3-hour Planetary Kp-index is derived at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center using data from the following ground-based magnetometers:

  • Sitka, Alaska
  • Meanook, Canada
  • Ottawa, Canada
  • Fredericksburg, Virginia
  • Hartland, UK
  • Wingst, Germany
  • Niemegk, Germany
  • Canberra, Australia

These data are made available thanks to the cooperative efforts between SWPC and data providers around the world, which currently includes the U.S. Geological Survey, Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the British Geological Survey, the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), and Geoscience Australia. Important magnetometer observations are also contributed by the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris and the Korean Space Weather Center K-index Watches are issued when the highest predicted NOAA estimated Kp-indices for a day are K = 5, 6, 7, or >= 8 and is reported in terms of the NOAA G scale. K-index Warnings are issued when NOAA estimated Kp-indices of 4, 5, 6, and 7 or greater are expected. K-index Alerts are issued when the NOAA estimated Kp-indices reach 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.


More info
Data source: NOAA, Wikipedia

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